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<title>Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty at <a href="Science_City%2C_Kolkata" title="Science City, Kolkata">Science City, Kolkata</a> on 8 November 2009</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1938-04-04</span>)</span>4 April 1938<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Sainthia" title="Sainthia">Sainthia</a>, <a href="Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>, <a href="British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 July 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-07-10)</span> (aged 82)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, US<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Indian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">Genetically engineering</a> a <i><a href="Pseudomonas" title="Pseudomonas">Pseudomonas</a></i> bacterium</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Microbiology" title="Microbiology">Microbiology</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

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<p><b>Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty</b> (4 April 1938 – 10 July 2020) was an <a href="Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian American</a> <a href="Microbiologist" title="Microbiologist">microbiologist</a>, scientist, and researcher, most notable for his work in <a href="Directed_evolution" title="Directed evolution">directed evolution</a> and his role in developing a <a href="Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetically engineered</a> organism using <a href="Plasmid" title="Plasmid">plasmid</a> transfer while working at <a href="GE" class="mw-redirect" title="GE">GE</a>, the patent for which<sup id="cite_ref-patent_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led to landmark Supreme Court case, <i><a href="Diamond_v._Chakrabarty" title="Diamond v. Chakrabarty">Diamond v. Chakrabarty</a></i>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div>

<p>Ananda (generally called "Al" by scientific colleagues)<sup id="cite_ref-news_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chakrabarty was born in <a href="Sainthia" title="Sainthia">Sainthia</a> on 4 April 1938. He attended Sainthia High School, <a href="Ramakrishna_Mission_Vidyamandira" title="Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira">Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira</a> and <a href="St._Xavier's_College%2C_Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Xavier's College, Calcutta">St. Xavier's College, Calcutta</a>—in that order—during the course of his undergraduate education. Prof. Chakrabarty received his <a href="PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>. from the <a href="University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> in <a href="Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> in 1965.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_work">Scientific work</h2></div>

<p>Prof. Chakrabarty genetically engineered<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a new species of <i><a href="Pseudomonas" title="Pseudomonas">Pseudomonas</a></i> <a href="Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> ("the <a href="Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a>-eating bacteria") in 1971 while working for the <a href="Research_%26_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Research & Development">Research & Development</a> Center at <a href="GE" class="mw-redirect" title="GE">General Electric Company</a> in <a href="Schenectady" class="mw-redirect" title="Schenectady">Schenectady</a>, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-times_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>At the time, four known species of oil-metabolizing bacteria were known to exist, but when introduced into an <a href="Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> spill, they competed with each other, limiting the amount of <a href="Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> that they degraded. The <a href="Genes" class="mw-redirect" title="Genes">genes</a> necessary to degrade oil were carried on <a href="Plasmids" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasmids">plasmids</a>, which could be transferred among species. By irradiating the transformed organism with <a href="UV_light" class="mw-redirect" title="UV light">UV light</a> after plasmid transfer, Prof. Chakrabarty discovered a method for genetic cross-linking that fixed all four plasmid genes in place and produced a new, stable, bacterial species (now called <i><a href="Pseudomonas_putida" title="Pseudomonas putida">Pseudomonas putida</a></i>) capable of consuming oil one or two orders of magnitude faster than the previous four strains of oil-eating microbes. The new microbe, which Chakrabarty called "multiplasmid hydrocarbon-degrading <i>Pseudomonas</i>," could digest about two-thirds of the hydrocarbons that would be found in a typical oil spill.

</p><p>The bacteria drew international attention when he applied for a <a href="Patent" title="Patent">patent</a>—the first U.S. patent for a <a href="Genetically_modified_organism" title="Genetically modified organism">genetically modified organism</a>. (U.S. utility patents had been granted to living organisms before, including two pure bacterial cultures, patented by Louis Pasteur. Chakrabarty's modified bacterium was granted a patent in the U.K. before the U.S. patent came through.) He was initially denied the patent by the Patent Office because the patent code was thought to preclude patents on living organisms. The <a href="United_States_Court_of_Customs_and_Patent_Appeals" title="United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals">United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals</a> overturned the decision in Chakrabarty's favor, writing:

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> ...the fact that micro-organisms are alive is without legal significance for purposes of patent law.</p></blockquote>

<p>Sidney A. Diamond, Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, then appealed to the <a href="United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a>. The Supreme Court case was argued on 17 March 1980 and decided on 16 June 1980. This patent was granted by the U.S. Supreme Court (<i>Diamond v. Chakrabarty</i>), in a 5–4 decision, when it determined:

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<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A live, human-made micro-organism is patentable subject matter under [Title 35 U.S.C.] 101. Respondent's micro-organism constitutes a "manufacture" or "composition of matter" within that statute.</p></blockquote>

<p>Prof. Chakrabarty's landmark research has since paved the way for many patents on <a href="Genetically_modified" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetically modified">genetically modified</a> <a href="Micro-organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro-organisms">micro-organisms</a> and other life forms, and catapulted him into the international spotlight.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>His lab worked on elucidating the role of bacterial <a href="Copper_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper proteins">cupredoxins</a> and <a href="Cytochromes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytochromes">cytochromes</a> in <a href="Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> regression and arresting <a href="Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">cell cycle</a> progression.<sup id="cite_ref-UIC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UIC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These proteins have been formerly known for their involvement in bacterial <a href="Electron_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron transport">electron transport</a>. He isolated a bacterial protein, <a href="Azurin" title="Azurin">azurin</a>, with potential <a href="Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">antineoplastic</a> properties.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-other_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-other-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He expanded his lab's work to include multiple microbiological species, including <i><a href="Neisseria" title="Neisseria">Neisseria</a></i>, <i><a href="Plasmodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasmodia">Plasmodia</a></i>, and <i><a href="Microbial_corrosion" title="Microbial corrosion">Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-UIC_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UIC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, Prof. Chakrabarty founded a company, CDG Therapeutics,<sup id="cite_ref-interview_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-other_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-other-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="Incorporated_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated in Delaware">incorporated in Delaware</a>) which holds proprietary information related to five patents generated by his work at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The <a href="University_of_Illinois_at_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Chicago">University of Illinois</a> owns the rights to the patents, but has issued exclusive licences to CDG Therapeutics.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2008, Prof. Chakrabarty co-founded a second biopharmaceutical discovery company, Amrita Therapeutics Ltd., registered in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, to develop therapies, vaccines, and diagnostics effective against cancers and/or other major public health threats derived from bacterial products found in the human body.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amrita Therapeutics Ltd. received initial funding in late 2008 from Gujarat Venture Finance Limited,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later received a grant for a two-year research program in 2010 from the Indian Department of Biotechnology under the Biotechnology Industry Promotion Program (BIPP).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2></div>

<p>Chakrabarty was a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of <a href="Microbiology" title="Microbiology">Microbiology</a> and <a href="Immunology" title="Immunology">Immunology</a> in the <a href="University_of_Illinois_at_Chicago_College_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine">University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine</a>. Ananda Chakrabarty has been an advisor to judges, governments, and the <a href="UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-other_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-other-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As one of the founding members of a <a href="United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a> committee that proposed the establishment of the <a href="International_Centre_for_Genetic_Engineering_and_Biotechnology" title="International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology">International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology</a>, he has been a member of its Council of Scientific Advisors ever since. He has served the U.S. government as a member of <a href="NIH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIH">NIH</a> Study Sections, a member of the Board on Biology of the <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>,

and the Committee on Biotechnology of the <a href="United_States_National_Research_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Research Council">National Research Council</a>.

</p><p>He has also served the <a href="Stockholm_Environment_Institute" title="Stockholm Environment Institute">Stockholm Environment Institute</a> of Sweden. He has been on the scientific advisory boards of many academic institutions such as the <a href="Michigan_Biotechnology_Institute" title="Michigan Biotechnology Institute">Michigan Biotechnology Institute</a>, the <a href="Montana_State_University_%E2%80%93_Bozeman" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana State University – Bozeman">Montana State University</a> <a href="Center_for_Biofilm_Engineering" title="Center for Biofilm Engineering">Center for Biofilm Engineering</a>, the Center for Microbial Ecology at the <a href="Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a>, and the Canadian Bacterial Diseases Network based in <a href="Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary, Alberta</a>, Canada. Dr. Chakrabarty has also served as a member of the <a href="NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Industrial Advisory Group based in <a href="Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium. He was a member of the board of directors of Einstein Institute for Science, Health and the Courts, where he participated in judicial education.

</p><p>For his work in <a href="Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a> <a href="Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, he was awarded the civilian <a href="Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> by the <a href="Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government of India</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Padma_Awards_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padma_Awards-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ananda_Mohan_Chakrabarty_(biologist)" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty (biologist)">Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty (biologist)</a></span>.</div></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFDaveyRaderChakravarti2021" class="citation journal cs1">Davey, Neil; Rader, Randall Ray; Chakravarti, Debabrata (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41587-020-00785-4">"Ananda Mohan 'Al' Chakrabarty 1938–2020"</a>. <i>Nature Biotechnology</i>. <b>39</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">18–</span>19. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41587-020-00785-4">10.1038/s41587-020-00785-4</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:229300870">229300870</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mcb.illinois.edu/news/article/589/">"Remembering Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty"</a>. The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. 2 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-patent-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-patent_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4259444">US Patent 4,259,444</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-news-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-news_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mcb.illinois.edu/news/2020-09-02/remembering-ananda-mohan-chakrabarty">"Remembering Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty"</a>. <i><a href="University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</a></i>. 2 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChakrabartyMylroieFrielloVacca1975" class="citation journal cs1">Chakrabarty, AM; Mylroie, JR; Friello, DA; Vacca, JG (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC433053">"Transformation of Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli with plasmid-linked drug-resistance factor DNA"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>72</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">3647–</span>51. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975PNAS...72.3647C">1975PNAS...72.3647C</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.72.9.3647">10.1073/pnas.72.9.3647</a></span>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC433053">433053</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1103151">1103151</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChakrabartyFriello1974" class="citation journal cs1">Chakrabarty, AM; Friello, DA (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC433782">"Dissociation and interaction of individual components of a degradative plasmid aggregate in Pseudomonas"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>71</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">3410–</span>4. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974PNAS...71.3410C">1974PNAS...71.3410C</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.71.9.3410">10.1073/pnas.71.9.3410</a></span>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC433782">433782</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4530312">4530312</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChakrabarty1974" class="citation journal cs1">Chakrabarty, AM (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC246827">"Dissociation of a degradative plasmid aggregate in Pseudomonas"</a>. <i>Journal of Bacteriology</i>. <b>118</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">815–</span>20. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJB.118.3.815-820.1974">10.1128/JB.118.3.815-820.1974</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC246827">246827</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4829926">4829926</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChakrabarty1974" class="citation book cs1">Chakrabarty, AM (1974). "Transcriptional Control of the Expression of a Degradative Plasmid in Pseudomonas". <i>Control of Transcription</i>. Vol. 3. pp. <span class="nowrap">157–</span>65. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4613-4529-9_13">10.1007/978-1-4613-4529-9_13</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4613-4531-2</bdi>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4823075">4823075</a>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (help)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFShahamChakrabartyGunsalus1973" class="citation journal cs1">Shaham, M; Chakrabarty, AM; Gunsalus, IC (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC285467">"Camphor plasmid-mediated chromosomal transfer in Pseudomonas putida"</a>. <i>Journal of Bacteriology</i>. <b>116</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">944–</span>9. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJB.116.2.944-949.1973">10.1128/JB.116.2.944-949.1973</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC285467">285467</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4745436">4745436</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRheinwaldChakrabartyGunsalus1973" class="citation journal cs1">Rheinwald, JG; Chakrabarty, AM; Gunsalus, IC (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC433381">"A transmissible plasmid controlling camphor oxidation in Pseudomonas putida"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>70</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">885–</span>9. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973PNAS...70..885R">1973PNAS...70..885R</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.70.3.885">10.1073/pnas.70.3.885</a></span>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC433381">433381</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4351810">4351810</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-UIC-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UIC_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UIC_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcmi/faculty/chakrabarty/index.htm">"Ananda Chakrabarty"</a>. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091005062732/http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcmi/faculty/chakrabarty/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-other-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-other_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-other_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-other_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPlas2006" class="citation news cs1">Plas, Joe Vanden (9 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208094857/http://wtnnews.com/articles/3305/">"Father of life patents downplays historic role"</a>. Wisconsin Technology Network 28 September 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wtnnews.com/articles/3305/">the original</a> on 8 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amritatherapeutics.com">Amritatherapeutics.com</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100803000952/https://www.dst.gujarat.gov.in/biotechnology.shtm">"Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dst.gujarat.gov.in/biotechnology.shtm">the original</a> on 3 August 2010.</cite></span>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751302#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata888" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751302#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata888" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081766075">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/110630440">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78052303">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007439659305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/077753534">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/b5b5d6e2-b628-4f99-aad4-39d472c13b42">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style><div id="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Science_&amp;_Engineering93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> in Science & Engineering</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kshitish_Ranjan_Chakravorty" title="Kshitish Ranjan Chakravorty">Kshitish Ranjan Chakravorty</a> (1954)</li>

<li><a href="Habib_Rahman_(architect)" title="Habib Rahman (architect)">Habib Rahman</a> (1955)</li>

<li><a href="Laxman_Mahadeo_Chitale" title="Laxman Mahadeo Chitale">Laxman Mahadeo Chitale</a> (1957)</li>

<li><a href="Ram_Prakash_Gehlote" title="Ram Prakash Gehlote">Ram Prakash Gehlote</a> (1957)</li>

<li><a href="Krishnaswami_Ramiah" title="Krishnaswami Ramiah">Krishnaswami Ramiah</a> (1957)</li>

<li><a href="Bal_Raj_Nijhawan" title="Bal Raj Nijhawan">Bal Raj Nijhawan</a> (1958)</li>

<li><a href="Benjamin_Peary_Pal" title="Benjamin Peary Pal">Benjamin Peary Pal</a> (1958)</li>

<li><a href="Navalpakkam_Parthasarthy" title="Navalpakkam Parthasarthy">Navalpakkam Parthasarthy</a> (1958)</li>

<li><a href="Surendranath_Kar" title="Surendranath Kar">Surendranath Kar</a> (1959)</li>

<li><a href="Om_Prakash_Mathur" title="Om Prakash Mathur">Om Prakash Mathur</a> (1959)</li>

<li><a href="Homi_Sethna" title="Homi Sethna">Homi Sethna</a> (1959)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anil_Kumar_Das" title="Anil Kumar Das">Anil Kumar Das</a> (1960)</li>

<li><a href="M._G._K._Menon" title="M. G. K. Menon">M. G. K. Menon</a> (1961)</li>

<li><a href="Brahm_Prakash" title="Brahm Prakash">Brahm Prakash</a> (1961)</li>

<li><a href="Man_Mohan_Suri" title="Man Mohan Suri">Man Mohan Suri</a> (1961)</li>

<li><a href="Paramananda_Acharya" title="Paramananda Acharya">Paramananda Acharya</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Vishnu_Madav_Ghatage" title="Vishnu Madav Ghatage">Vishnu Madav Ghatage</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Satish_Dhawan" title="Satish Dhawan">Satish Dhawan</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="Maganbhai_Ramchhodbhai_Patel" title="Maganbhai Ramchhodbhai Patel">Maganbhai Ramchhodbhai Patel</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="Hermenegild_Santapau" title="Hermenegild Santapau">Hermenegild Santapau</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="Guduru_Venkatachalam" title="Guduru Venkatachalam">Guduru Venkatachalam</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="Raja_Ramanna" title="Raja Ramanna">Raja Ramanna</a> (1968)</li>

<li><a href="Nautam_Bhatt" title="Nautam Bhatt">Nautam Bhatt</a> (1969)</li>

<li><a href="Amrik_Singh_Cheema" title="Amrik Singh Cheema">Amrik Singh Cheema</a> (1969)</li>

<li><a href="T._V._Mahalingam" title="T. V. Mahalingam">T. V. Mahalingam</a> (1969)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="P._R._Pisharoty" title="P. R. Pisharoty">P. R. Pisharoty</a> (1970)</li>

<li><a href="Zafar_Futehally" title="Zafar Futehally">Zafar Futehally</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Devendra_Lal" title="Devendra Lal">Devendra Lal</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Charles_Correa" title="Charles Correa">Charles Correa</a> (1972)</li>

<li><a href="N._Kesava_Panikkar" title="N. Kesava Panikkar">N. Kesava Panikkar</a> (1973)</li>

<li><a href="Govind_Swarup" title="Govind Swarup">Govind Swarup</a> (1973)</li>

<li><a href="Achyut_Kanvinde" title="Achyut Kanvinde">Achyut Kanvinde</a> (1974)</li>

<li><a href="Suchitra_Mitra" title="Suchitra Mitra">Suchitra Mitra</a> (1974)</li>

<li><a href="Sitaram_Rao_Valluri" title="Sitaram Rao Valluri">Sitaram Rao Valluri</a> (1974)</li>

<li><a href="Rajagopala_Chidambaram" title="Rajagopala Chidambaram">Rajagopala Chidambaram</a> (1975)</li>

<li><a href="Shambhu_Dayal_Sinvhal" title="Shambhu Dayal Sinvhal">Shambhu Dayal Sinvhal</a> (1976)</li>

<li><a href="B._R._Deodhar" title="B. R. Deodhar">B. R. Deodhar</a> (1976)</li>

<li><a href="B._V._Doshi" title="B. V. Doshi">B. V. Doshi</a> (1976)</li>

<li><a href="Atmaram_Bhairav_Joshi" title="Atmaram Bhairav Joshi">Atmaram Bhairav Joshi</a> (1976)</li>

<li><a href="Janaki_Ammal" title="Janaki Ammal">Janaki Ammal</a> (1977)</li>

<li><a href="Jugal_Kishore_Choudhury" class="mw-redirect" title="Jugal Kishore Choudhury">Jugal Kishore Choudhury</a> (1977)</li>

<li><a href="Prafulla_Kumar_Jena" title="Prafulla Kumar Jena">Prafulla Kumar Jena</a> (1977)</li>

<li><a href="Vishwa_Gopal_Jhingran" title="Vishwa Gopal Jhingran">Vishwa Gopal Jhingran</a> (1977)</li>

<li><a href="Sibte_Hasan_Zaidi" title="Sibte Hasan Zaidi">Sibte Hasan Zaidi</a> (1977)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hari_Krishan_Jain" title="Hari Krishan Jain">Hari Krishan Jain</a> (1981)</li>

<li><a href="Gurcharan_Singh_Kalkat" title="Gurcharan Singh Kalkat">Gurcharan Singh Kalkat</a> (1981)</li>

<li><a href="Dinkar_G._Kelkar" title="Dinkar G. Kelkar">Dinkar Gangadhar Kelkar</a> (1981)</li>

<li><a href="Krishnaswamy_Kasturirangan" title="Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan">Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan</a> (1982)</li>

<li><a href="Satya_Prakash_(physicist)" title="Satya Prakash (physicist)">Satya Prakash</a> (1982)</li>

<li><a href="V._Narayana_Rao" title="V. Narayana Rao">V. Narayana Rao</a> (1982)</li>

<li><a href="Saroj_Raj_Choudhury" title="Saroj Raj Choudhury">Saroj Raj Choudhury</a> (1983)</li>

<li><a href="Hassan_Nasiem_Siddiquie" title="Hassan Nasiem Siddiquie">Hassan Nasiem Siddiquie</a> (1983)</li>

<li><a href="Mar%C3%ADa_Ren%C3%A9e_Cura" title="María Renée Cura">María Renée Cura</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="Vasant_Gowarikar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasant Gowarikar">Vasant Gowarikar</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="Pramod_Kale" title="Pramod Kale">Pramod Kale</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="Nilamber_Pant" title="Nilamber Pant">Nilamber Pant</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="Myneni_Hariprasada_Rao" title="Myneni Hariprasada Rao">Myneni Hariprasada Rao</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="M._R._Srinivasan" title="M. R. Srinivasan">M. R. Srinivasan</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="Predhiman_Krishan_Kaw" title="Predhiman Krishan Kaw">Predhiman Krishan Kaw</a> (1985)</li>

<li><a href="Ramadas_P._Shenoy" title="Ramadas P. Shenoy">Ramadas P. Shenoy</a> (1987)</li>

<li><a href="Saroj_Ghose" title="Saroj Ghose">Saroj Ghose</a> (1989)</li>

<li><a href="Palle_Rama_Rao" title="Palle Rama Rao">Palle Rama Rao</a> (1989)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ram_Narain_Agarwal" title="Ram Narain Agarwal">Ram Narain Agarwal</a> (1990)</li>

<li><a href="Laurie_Baker" title="Laurie Baker">Laurie Baker</a> (1990)</li>

<li><a href="M._R._Kurup" title="M. R. Kurup">M. R. Kurup</a> (1990)</li>

<li><a href="Rakesh_Bakshi" title="Rakesh Bakshi">Rakesh Bakshi</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="B._L._Deekshatulu" title="B. L. Deekshatulu">B. L. Deekshatulu</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="Narinder_Kumar_Gupta" title="Narinder Kumar Gupta">Narinder Kumar Gupta</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="Shri_Krishna_Joshi" title="Shri Krishna Joshi">Shri Krishna Joshi</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="Raghunath_Anant_Mashelkar" title="Raghunath Anant Mashelkar">Raghunath Anant Mashelkar</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="Govindarajan_Padmanaban" title="Govindarajan Padmanaban">Govindarajan Padmanaban</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="Bangalore_Puttaiya_Radhakrishna" title="Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna">Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="Ganeshan_Venkataraman" title="Ganeshan Venkataraman">Ganeshan Venkataraman</a> (1991)</li>

<li><a href="Madhava_Ashish" title="Madhava Ashish">Madhava Ashish</a> (1992)</li>

<li><a href="G._S._Venkataraman" title="G. S. Venkataraman">G. S. Venkataraman</a> (1992)</li>

<li><a href="Kailash_Sankhala" title="Kailash Sankhala">Kailash Sankhala</a> (1992)</li>

<li><a href="Vinod_Prakash_Sharma" title="Vinod Prakash Sharma">Vinod Prakash Sharma</a> (1992)</li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Allen_Stein" title="Joseph Allen Stein">Joseph Allen Stein</a> (1992)</li>

<li><a href="Manmohan_Attavar" title="Manmohan Attavar">Manmohan Attavar</a> (1998)</li>

<li><a href="Priyambada_Mohanty_Hejmadi" title="Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi">Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi</a> (1998)</li>

<li><a href="Anil_Kakodkar" title="Anil Kakodkar">Anil Kakodkar</a> (1998)</li>

<li><a href="Aditya_Narayan_Purohit" title="Aditya Narayan Purohit">Aditya Narayan Purohit</a> (1998)</li>

<li><a href="V._K._Saraswat" title="V. K. Saraswat">V. K. Saraswat</a> (1998)</li>

<li><a href="Asis_Datta" title="Asis Datta">Asis Datta</a> (1999)</li>

<li><a href="Indira_Nath" title="Indira Nath">Indira Nath</a> (1999)</li>

<li><a href="M._S._Ramakumar" title="M. S. Ramakumar">M. S. Ramakumar</a> (1999)</li>

<li><a href="S._K._Sikka" title="S. K. Sikka">S. K. Sikka</a> (1999)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Vijay_P._Bhatkar" title="Vijay P. Bhatkar">Vijay P. Bhatkar</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="D._D._Bhawalkar" title="D. D. Bhawalkar">D. D. Bhawalkar</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="Gurdev_Khush" title="Gurdev Khush">Gurdev Khush</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="Parasu_Ram_Mishra" title="Parasu Ram Mishra">Parasu Ram Mishra</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="Sandip_Kumar_Basu" title="Sandip Kumar Basu">Sandip Kumar Basu</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Bisweswar_Bhattacharjee" title="Bisweswar Bhattacharjee">Bisweswar Bhattacharjee</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="V._K._Chaturvedi" title="V. K. Chaturvedi">V. K. Chaturvedi</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Ketayun_Ardeshir_Dinshaw" title="Ketayun Ardeshir Dinshaw">Ketayun Ardeshir Dinshaw</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Prem_Shanker_Goel" title="Prem Shanker Goel">Prem Shanker Goel</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Goverdhan_Mehta" title="Goverdhan Mehta">Goverdhan Mehta</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="C._G._Krishnadas_Nair" title="C. G. Krishnadas Nair">C. G. Krishnadas Nair</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="M._S._Raghunathan" title="M. S. Raghunathan">M. S. Raghunathan</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Sanjaya_Rajaram" title="Sanjaya Rajaram">Sanjaya Rajaram</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="T._V._Ramakrishnan" title="T. V. Ramakrishnan">T. V. Ramakrishnan</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Thirumalachari_Ramasami" title="Thirumalachari Ramasami">Thirumalachari Ramasami</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Dasika_Durga_Prasada_Rao" title="Dasika Durga Prasada Rao">Dasika Durga Prasada Rao</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Paul_Ratnasamy" title="Paul Ratnasamy">Paul Ratnasamy</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Ashoke_Sen" title="Ashoke Sen">Ashoke Sen</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Bikash_Sinha" title="Bikash Sinha">Bikash Sinha</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Suhas_Pandurang_Sukhatme" title="Suhas Pandurang Sukhatme">Suhas Pandurang Sukhatme</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Narayanaswamy_Balakrishnan" title="Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan">Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Padmanabhan_Balaram" title="Padmanabhan Balaram">Padmanabhan Balaram</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Dorairajan_Balasubramanian" title="Dorairajan Balasubramanian">Dorairajan Balasubramanian</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Ramanath_Cowsik" title="Ramanath Cowsik">Ramanath Cowsik</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Chaitanyamoy_Ganguly" title="Chaitanyamoy Ganguly">Chaitanyamoy Ganguly</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Kota_Harinarayana" title="Kota Harinarayana">Kota Harinarayana</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Ashok_Jhunjhunwala" title="Ashok Jhunjhunwala">Ashok Jhunjhunwala</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Amitav_Malik" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitav Malik">Amitav Malik</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Katuru_Narayana" title="Katuru Narayana">Katuru Narayana</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="A._Sivathanu_Pillai" title="A. Sivathanu Pillai">A. Sivathanu Pillai</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="I._V._Subba_Rao_(scientist)" title="I. V. Subba Rao (scientist)">I. V. Subba Rao</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="B._N._Suresh" title="B. N. Suresh">B. N. Suresh</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Asok_Kumar_Barua" title="Asok Kumar Barua">Asok Kumar Barua</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Shivram_Bhoje" title="Shivram Bhoje">Shivram Bhoje</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Jai_Bhagwan_Chaudhary" title="Jai Bhagwan Chaudhary">Jai Bhagwan Chaudhary</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Sarvagya_Singh_Katiyar" title="Sarvagya Singh Katiyar">Sarvagya Singh Katiyar</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Gyan_Chandra_Mishra" title="Gyan Chandra Mishra">Gyan Chandra Mishra</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Jai_Pal_Mittal" title="Jai Pal Mittal">Jai Pal Mittal</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Sundaram_Ramakrishnan" title="Sundaram Ramakrishnan">Sundaram Ramakrishnan</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Baburao_Govindrao_Shirke" title="Baburao Govindrao Shirke">Baburao Govindrao Shirke</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Mahendra_Singh_Sodha" title="Mahendra Singh Sodha">Mahendra Singh Sodha</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Nagarajan_Vedachalam" title="Nagarajan Vedachalam">Nagarajan Vedachalam</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Satish_Kumar_Kaura" title="Satish Kumar Kaura">Satish Kumar Kaura</a> (2004)</li>

<li><a href="Nalini_Ranjan_Mohanty" title="Nalini Ranjan Mohanty">Nalini Ranjan Mohanty</a> (2004)</li>

<li><a href="T._S._Prahlad" title="T. S. Prahlad">T. S. Prahlad</a> (2004)</li>

<li><a href="Vishweshwaraiah_Prakash" title="Vishweshwaraiah Prakash">Vishweshwaraiah Prakash</a> (2004)</li>

<li><a href="K._N._Shankara" title="K. N. Shankara">K. N. Shankara</a> (2004)</li>

<li><a href="Lalji_Singh" title="Lalji Singh">Lalji Singh</a> (2004)</li>

<li><a href="Rajpal_Singh_Sirohi" title="Rajpal Singh Sirohi">Rajpal Singh Sirohi</a> (2004)</li>

<li><a href="M._Vijayan" title="M. Vijayan">M. Vijayan</a> (2004)</li>

<li><a href="Dipankar_Banerjee_(metallurgist)" title="Dipankar Banerjee (metallurgist)">Dipankar Banerjee</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="Srikumar_Banerjee" title="Srikumar Banerjee">Srikumar Banerjee</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="Banwari_Lal_Chouksey" title="Banwari Lal Chouksey">Banwari Lal Chouksey</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="Bhagavatula_Dattaguru" title="Bhagavatula Dattaguru">Bhagavatula Dattaguru</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="Vasudevan_Gnana_Gandhi" title="Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi">Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="Madhu_Sudan_Kanungo" title="Madhu Sudan Kanungo">Madhu Sudan Kanungo</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="M._Mahadevappa" title="M. Mahadevappa">M. Mahadevappa</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="Ramachandran_Balasubramanian" title="Ramachandran Balasubramanian">Ramachandran Balasubramanian</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Harsh_Gupta" title="Harsh Gupta">Harsh Gupta</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Seyed_E._Hasnain" title="Seyed E. Hasnain">Seyed E. Hasnain</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Narendra_Kumar_(physicist)" title="Narendra Kumar (physicist)">Narendra Kumar</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="B._V._Nimbkar" title="B. V. Nimbkar">B. V. Nimbkar</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Swaminathan_Sivaram" title="Swaminathan Sivaram">Swaminathan Sivaram</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Thekkethil_Kochandy_Alex" class="mw-redirect" title="Thekkethil Kochandy Alex">Thekkethil Kochandy Alex</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Rabi_Narayan_Bastia" title="Rabi Narayan Bastia">Rabi Narayan Bastia</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Dilip_K._Biswas" title="Dilip K. Biswas">Dilip K. Biswas</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Kiran_Karnik" title="Kiran Karnik">Kiran Karnik</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Thanu_Padmanabhan" title="Thanu Padmanabhan">Thanu Padmanabhan</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Baldev_Raj" title="Baldev Raj">Baldev Raj</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Sudhir_Kumar_Sopory" title="Sudhir Kumar Sopory">Sudhir Kumar Sopory</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Khadg_Singh_Valdiya" title="Khadg Singh Valdiya">Khadg Singh Valdiya</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Kasturi_Lal_Chopra" title="Kasturi Lal Chopra">Kasturi Lal Chopra</a> (2008)</li>

<li><a href="Joseph_H._Hulse" title="Joseph H. Hulse">Joseph H. Hulse</a> (2008)</li>

<li><a href="Bhavarlal_Jain" title="Bhavarlal Jain">Bhavarlal Jain</a> (2008)</li>

<li><a href="Kaleem_Ullah_Khan_(horticulturist)" title="Kaleem Ullah Khan (horticulturist)">Kaleem Ullah Khan</a> (2008)</li>

<li><a href="Sant_Singh_Virmani" title="Sant Singh Virmani">Sant Singh Virmani</a> (2008)</li>

<li><a href="Pramod_Tandon" title="Pramod Tandon">Pramod Tandon</a> (2009)</li>

<li><a href="Goriparthi_Narasimha_Raju_Yadav" title="Goriparthi Narasimha Raju Yadav">Goriparthi Narasimha Raju Yadav</a> (2009)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Vijay_Prasad_Dimri" title="Vijay Prasad Dimri">Vijay Prasad Dimri</a> (2010)</li>

<li><a href="Pucadyil_Ittoop_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Pucadyil Ittoop John">Pucadyil Ittoop John</a> (2010)</li>

<li><a href="Palpu_Pushpangadan" title="Palpu Pushpangadan">Palpu Pushpangadan</a> (2010)</li>

<li><a href="Vijayalakshmi_Ravindranath" title="Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath">Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath</a> (2010)</li>

<li><a href="Ponisseril_Somasundaran" title="Ponisseril Somasundaran">Ponisseril Somasundaran</a> (2010)</li>

<li><a href="M._Annamalai_(scientist)" title="M. Annamalai (scientist)">M. Annamalai</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="Moni_Lal_Bhoumik" class="mw-redirect" title="Moni Lal Bhoumik">Moni Lal Bhoumik</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="Coimbatore_Narayana_Rao_Raghavendran" title="Coimbatore Narayana Rao Raghavendran">Coimbatore Narayana Rao Raghavendran</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="Suman_Sahai" title="Suman Sahai">Suman Sahai</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="G._Shankar" title="G. Shankar">G. Shankar</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="E._A._Siddiq" title="E. A. Siddiq">E. A. Siddiq</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="V._Adimurthy" title="V. Adimurthy">V. Adimurthy</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Rameshwar_Nath_Koul_Bamezai" title="Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai">Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Krishna_Lal_Chadha" title="Krishna Lal Chadha">Krishna Lal Chadha</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Virander_Singh_Chauhan" title="Virander Singh Chauhan">Virander Singh Chauhan</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Y._S._Rajan" title="Y. S. Rajan">Y. S. Rajan</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Jagadish_Shukla" title="Jagadish Shukla">Jagadish Shukla</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Vijaypal_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijaypal Singh">Vijaypal Singh</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Lokesh_Kumar_Singhal" title="Lokesh Kumar Singhal">Lokesh Kumar Singhal</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Manindra_Agrawal" title="Manindra Agrawal">Manindra Agrawal</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Mustansir_Barma" title="Mustansir Barma">Mustansir Barma</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Avinash_Chander" title="Avinash Chander">Avinash Chander</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Sanjay_Govind_Dhande" title="Sanjay Govind Dhande">Sanjay Govind Dhande</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Jayaraman_Gowrishankar" title="Jayaraman Gowrishankar">Jayaraman Gowrishankar</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Sharad_P._Kale" title="Sharad P. Kale">Sharad P. Kale</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Sankar_Kumar_Pal" title="Sankar Kumar Pal">Sankar Kumar Pal</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Deepak_B._Phatak" title="Deepak B. Phatak">Deepak B. Phatak</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Mudundi_Ramakrishna_Raju" title="Mudundi Ramakrishna Raju">Mudundi Ramakrishna Raju</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="K._VijayRaghavan" class="mw-redirect" title="K. VijayRaghavan">K. VijayRaghavan</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Sekhar_Basu" title="Sekhar Basu">Sekhar Basu</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Madhavan_Chandradathan" title="Madhavan Chandradathan">Madhavan Chandradathan</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Jayanta_Kumar_Ghosh" title="Jayanta Kumar Ghosh">Jayanta Kumar Ghosh</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Ravi_Grover" title="Ravi Grover">Ravi Grover</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Ramakrishna_V._Hosur" title="Ramakrishna V. Hosur">Ramakrishna V. Hosur</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="E._D._Jemmis" title="E. D. Jemmis">E. D. Jemmis</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="A._S._Kiran_Kumar" title="A. S. Kiran Kumar">A. S. Kiran Kumar</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Ajay_Kumar_Parida" title="Ajay Kumar Parida">Ajay Kumar Parida</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="M._Y._S._Prasad" title="M. Y. S. Prasad">M. Y. S. Prasad</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Brahma_Singh" title="Brahma Singh">Brahma Singh</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Vinod_K._Singh" title="Vinod K. Singh">Vinod K. Singh</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Govindan_Sundararajan" title="Govindan Sundararajan">Govindan Sundararajan</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Subbiah_Arunan" title="Subbiah Arunan">Subbiah Arunan</a> (2015)</li>

<li><a href="Jacques_Blamont" title="Jacques Blamont">Jacques Blamont</a> (2015)</li>

<li><a href="N._Prabhakar" title="N. Prabhakar">N. Prabhakar</a> (2015)</li>

<li><a href="Prahlada_(scientist)" title="Prahlada (scientist)">Prahlada</a> (2015)</li>

<li><a href="S._K._Shivakumar" title="S. K. Shivakumar">S. K. Shivakumar</a> (2015)</li>

<li><a href="Mylswamy_Annadurai" title="Mylswamy Annadurai">Mylswamy Annadurai</a> (2016)</li>

<li><a href="Dipankar_Chatterji" title="Dipankar Chatterji">Dipankar Chatterji</a> (2016)</li>

<li>Satish Kumar (2016)</li>

<li><a href="Onkar_Nath_Srivastava" title="Onkar Nath Srivastava">Onkar Nath Srivastava</a> (2016)</li>

<li><a href="Veena_Tandon" title="Veena Tandon">Veena Tandon</a> (2016)</li>

<li><a href="G._D._Yadav" title="G. D. Yadav">G. D. Yadav</a> (2016)</li>

<li><a href="Jitendra_Nath_Goswami" title="Jitendra Nath Goswami">Jitendra Nath Goswami</a> (2017)</li>

<li><a href="Chintakindi_Mallesham" title="Chintakindi Mallesham">Chintakindi Mallesham</a> (2017)</li>

<li><a href="Amitava_Roy" title="Amitava Roy">Amitava Roy</a> (2018)</li>

<li><a href="Vikram_Chandra_Thakur" title="Vikram Chandra Thakur">Vikram Chandra Thakur</a> (2018)</li>

<li><a href="Rajagopalan_Vasudevan" title="Rajagopalan Vasudevan">Rajagopalan Vasudevan</a> (2018)</li>

<li><a href="Manas_Bihari_Verma" title="Manas Bihari Verma">Manas Bihari Verma</a> (2018)</li>

<li><a href="Uddhab_Bharali" title="Uddhab Bharali">Uddhab Bharali</a> (2019)</li>

<li><a href="Baldev_Singh_Dhillon" title="Baldev Singh Dhillon">Baldev Singh Dhillon</a> (2019)</li>

<li><a href="Rohini_Godbole" title="Rohini Godbole">Rohini Godbole</a> (2019)</li>

<li><a href="Subhash_Kak" title="Subhash Kak">Subhash Kak</a> (2019)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Raman_Gangakhedkar" title="Raman Gangakhedkar">Raman Gangakhedkar</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="Sujoy_K._Guha" title="Sujoy K. Guha">Sujoy K. Guha</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="K._S._Manilal" title="K. S. Manilal">K. S. Manilal</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="Vashishtha_Narayan_Singh" title="Vashishtha Narayan Singh">Vashishtha Narayan Singh</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="Thalappil_Pradeep" title="Thalappil Pradeep">Thalappil Pradeep</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="H._C._Verma" title="H. C. Verma">H. C. Verma</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="Sudhir_K._Jain" title="Sudhir K. Jain">Sudhir K. Jain</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="Rattan_Lal" title="Rattan Lal">Rattan Lal</a> (2021)</li>

<li><a href="Subbanna_Ayyappan" title="Subbanna Ayyappan">Subbanna Ayyappan</a> (2022)</li>

<li><a href="Sanghamitra_Bandyopadhyay" title="Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay">Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay</a> (2022)</li>

<li><a href="Aditya_Prasad_Dash" title="Aditya Prasad Dash">Aditya Prasad Dash</a> (2022)</li>

<li><a href="Moti_Lal_Madan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moti Lal Madan">Moti Lal Madan</a> (2022)</li>

<li><a href="Anil_K._Rajvanshi" title="Anil K. Rajvanshi">Anil K. Rajvanshi</a> (2022)</li>

<li>Ajay Kumar Sonkar (2022)</li>

<li>Jyantkumar Maganlal Vyas (2022)</li>

<li>Khadar Valli Dudekula (2023)</li>

<li><a href="Modadugu_Vijay_Gupta" title="Modadugu Vijay Gupta">Modadugu Vijay Gupta</a> (2023)</li>

<li>Ganesh Nagappa Krishnarajanagara (2023)</li>

<li>Arvind Kumar (2023)</li>

<li>Mahendra Pal (2023)</li>

<li>Bakshi Ram (2023)</li>

<li><a href="Sujatha_Ramdorai" title="Sujatha Ramdorai">Sujatha Ramdorai</a> (2023)</li>

<li>Abbareddy Nageswara Rao (2023)</li>

<li>Narayan Chakraborty (2024)</li>

<li><a href="Ram_Chet_Chaudhary" title="Ram Chet Chaudhary">Ram Chet Chaudhary</a> (2024)</li>

<li><a href="Shailesh_Nayak" title="Shailesh Nayak">Shailesh Nayak</a> (2024)</li>

<li><a href="Eklabya_Sharma" title="Eklabya Sharma">Eklabya Sharma</a> (2024)</li>

<li><a href="Ram_Chander_Sihag" title="Ram Chander Sihag">Ram Chander Sihag</a> (2024)</li>

<li><a href="Ravi_Prakash_Singh" title="Ravi Prakash Singh">Ravi Prakash Singh</a> (2024)</li>

<li><a href="Ajay_Bhatt" title="Ajay Bhatt">Ajay Bhatt</a> (2025)</li>

<li><a href="Ashutosh_Sharma_(chemical_engineer)" title="Ashutosh Sharma (chemical engineer)">Ashutosh Sharma</a> (2025)</li>

<li><a href="Chetan_Chitnis" title="Chetan Chitnis">Chetan Chitnis</a> (2025)</li>

<li>M D Srinivas (2025)</li>

<li><a href="Sethuraman_Panchanathan" title="Sethuraman Panchanathan">Sethuraman Panchanathan</a> (2025)</li>

<li><a href="Surinder_Vasal" title="Surinder Vasal">Surinder Vasal</a> (2025)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-05" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Ananda_Mohan_Chakrabarty&oldid=1304288540">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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